What I have said so much before is actually just explaining one point. That is, although Wang Anshi believed that human nature has no good and evil, he was not a pure theory that human nature has no good and evil, nor could he thoroughly implement the theory that human nature has no good or evil in his reform process.
It separates means from ends and confuses supervision and execution, leading to a large number of hypocritical good-natured theorists hiding under its wings. When Wang Anshi realizes the problem, he will inevitably demand further concentration of power to avoid being used as a tiger skin by his subordinates.
When he was concentrating power and guarding against the pseudo-New Party within the Party, a large number of evil-minded people entered the party, stirring up cruel officials and disrupting the reform.
So when Wang Anshi left the scene later, he had basically discovered that the reform had almost become a situation where both advances and retreats were wrong. This is also the reason why he never returns.
More sorrow is greater than heartbreak, but Wang Anshi can't find the answers to these things, and it is inconvenient to say them out.
In the final analysis, Wang Anshi’s greatest misfortune is that he still does not know the principle of integrating knowledge and action. He only thinks that he understands the best principles and can implement them well. During the implementation, due to various threats and compromises in reality, he had to move to the situation of being a single husband.
But they don’t know that a truth that cannot be implemented in practice is not a true truth. Principles that cannot be modified with practice are not true principles.
It is a pity that Mr. Wang Mingyang was born in Ming Dynasty. If he had been born in the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi would not have fallen into a situation where theory and reform practice were out of touch, and ultimately even he himself could not strictly adhere to it. It also prevented China from being humiliated and suffering from the Tatars for hundreds of years.
In addition, let’s talk about supervision and execution, and discuss it with Emperor Taizu of this dynasty.
Supervision and execution cannot be confused, let alone merged into one.
Our latest auditing preliminary research has found that once the executive is also responsible for supervision, there will be a risk of self-evaluation. Even if a great individual official can do it, can his subordinates and colleagues do it?
From the perspective of the theory that there is no good or evil in nature, the key depends on how satisfied they are with the enjoyment of benevolence and righteousness.
Among them, the situations that are most likely to cause accidents often meet the following three factors.
The first is opportunity. When supervision is combined with execution, it means that its behavior is less likely to be observed by outsiders. This naturally creates opportunities for corruption.
The second is pressure. When one’s own or family’s benevolent and righteous needs are not met.
Third, it’s an excuse. When it can rationalize itself within itself. For example, if I don’t do something, others will do it, and everyone does it. There are benefits to this too. I also do it for the sake of the place, the good relationship with the government office, etc.
However, after Wang Anshi's reforms, the power of the prime minister became increasingly important. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it even overshadowed the imperial power. Shi Miyuan changed the status of the emperor at will. This is strange to say. The old party originally completely rejected Wang Anshi. However, the only exception is the provision of aggravating the power of the prime minister, which is not only retained but also goes beyond the limit.
Emperor Taizu’s solution back then was to establish the Yiluan Division, followed by the Jinyiwei. Use not belonging to foreign countriespower to supervise foreign affairs. Sure enough, several major problems were investigated and dealt with.
But later Jin Yiwei set off a major case and was also corrupt.
Dongchang Supervision was established during the reign of Emperor Chengzu.
Later, Emperor Xianzong established the West Factory and supervised the East Factory.
Emperor Wuzong, instigated by Liu Jin, established an expert factory and then supervised the east-west factory.
What Emperor Taizu valued was the separation of supervision and execution, although it was an improvement compared to the previous Song Dynasty. But its human-based supervision makes it necessary for supervisors to be supervised as well.
As a result, successive emperors continued to extend the chain of supervision and supervision until the entire system was overwhelmed.
Therefore, Hangzhou New Learning combined the advantages of Wang Jinggong and Wang Yangming to propose a supervision and execution paradigm based on the benevolence and righteousness index, and then practice and revise cognition to achieve the unity of knowledge and action. He also formally proposed that the pursuit of benevolence and righteousness is a natural human right. The main purpose of being an official is to try to develop and tap the people's pursuit of benevolence and righteousness to better satisfy the people. Please remember to collect it, the latest and fastest website is free to read without anti-theft