Chapter 695 When the real cheating happens
VC polyvinyl chloride and cement are two indispensable materials in infrastructure projects. The former is the material for most pipelines, and the latter It is the cornerstone of modern architecture.
These two things have nothing to do with high technology, but they are by-products of the process of starting from the chlorine chemical industry and moving towards polysilicon.
The first batch of products produced by the chlorine chemical route is polyvinyl chloride, or vc for short.
The second batch of products going down is a mixture composed of tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, and tricalcium aluminate. After adding gypsum and some auxiliary materials, it is silicic acid. Salt cement.
More importantly, cement and VC will not incur the pressure of national macro-control.
Looking back from today in 2003, the next ten or so years will be an era of civil engineering and infrastructure construction, and the amount of consumption will be overwhelming.
Moreover, the Portland cement produced by this process is more durable, corrosion-resistant and low-temperature resistant than ordinary cement. Even if cement needs to clean up backward production capacity, it will not fall on Qingyun.
However, looking forward to 2003, the past five years have been the most difficult period for China's economy.
In fact, the current time is a period of macro-control to clear out backward production capacity. The entire society is compressing infrastructure. This is the essence of Sun Hongbing's downfall.
In other words, in fact, the profits from the output of these two items can already cover the cost of making polysilicon. If not, there will be a surplus.
But when it comes to breaking away from the times and coming up with an original solution
Even Su Caiwei, who has the highest academic level, is just listening to a book from heaven.
I don’t understand, I don’t understand at all.
But, it’s okay.
It is not without reason that these four major disciplines, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, and analytical chemistry, are called nightmare subjects for majors such as chemistry, pharmacy, materials science, and biology.
Suppose others buy 1,000 yuan of industrial silicon for use, and Qingyun makes his own industrial silicon of the same price for his own use, which will definitely produce at least 3,000 yuan of VC and cement.
As a professor of physics and chemistry, it is not easy for Qing Yun to fool these novices in this field who can only have a clear and stupid light in their eyes.
The destiny of Emperor Yun.
For him, the above two are by-products
So, it is most convenient for Qin Manman to write this report, and ask her second uncle for all the data. .
Although he is not going to enter the real estate industry, he is going to earn this money with tears.
As for the by-products after silicon trichloride, steam can be used to generate electricity and recycled directly in the production line. Some of the subsequent products have been made in the circular economy of Qin Manman’s second uncle, Qin Tianshan. Some good application scenarios have been found.
It can only be said that Qing Yun is a bastard. There is no way he would do such a thing.No matter what careful consideration is required, when the time comes, just drive and drive without any hesitation.
It’s okay to say that I have some understanding of this route. After all, it is a part of the semiconductor industry chain. If you look at scientific research reports, papers, etc., you will be able to understand it more or less.
Qing Yun knows how to deal with the remaining by-products and energy consumption issues, but cannot write them down now.
Not only Qin Manman was dizzy when he heard this, but the eyes of several others were shining with helplessness at this time.
No one would believe it if I told you.
So now the vast majority of people cannot see the trend of infrastructure madness in the future, or dare not be sure of this trend.
After giving a brief blow to several goddesses, Emperor Yun achieved his goal.
After all, this is the field of physical chemistry.
No way, chemistry
turns decay into a magical subject.
Her two degrees in mathematics and computer science combined are not chemistry.
“But Erbo’s route has not yet solved the purity problem of polysilicon. With the method they are currently researching, the polysilicon that comes out in the end is only solar grade, which can only be used for photovoltaic panels and cannot be made into single-unit products. Crystalline silicon. ”
How to solve the current problem of low purity of polysilicon?
Unfortunately, this is Yundi’s expertise.
He dares to say that he is the person who knows this stuff best in the world at this time, no one.
High-purity polysilicon and even monocrystalline silicon are not available in China.
On the contrary, under the leadership of Mr. Lin Lanying and countless older generation scientists, China successfully produced single crystal silicon in 1958, and in 1962, China’s first dislocation-free single crystal silicon was produced. The drawing was successful, which is also very advanced in the world.
The original Jinmen Semiconductor, Emei Semiconductor, Luoyang China Silicon, and Huashan Semiconductor relied on this to develop. In China in the 1960s, the number of manufacturers peaked at more than 20 .
However, this is a production line serving military-grade products.
Because of various reasons, the technology cannot be iterated, resulting in the process always staying in the 1950s, with difficult production technology, small scale, low quality, high pollution, and high energy consumption
To put it simply, even if it faces an import price of hundreds of thousands of dollars, there is no cost advantage.
So after entering the reform and opening up, in addition to the military industry system, domestic silicon factories one by one stopped production and switched production one after another.
At the beginning of the century, the domestic production rate of this raw material in the civilian market was 0.
In Qingyun’s previous life, the silicon industry that was so powerful in the world and directly converted 500,000 U.S. dollars per ton of polysilicon into 60,000 Chinese national currency, when did it arise?
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Solar-grade polycrystalline silicon began to rise at this moment, and was detonated by Shi Zhengrong, Yang Huaijin and others in 2005, while electronic industrial-grade polycrystalline silicon had to wait until after 2010.Later, mass production was achieved in China only due to technological breakthroughs, and specifications were only achieved in 2015.
It took twelve years to go from the solar level to the electronic level.
Why
Three reasons.
First, solar grade is too profitable.
The superficial difference between solar grade and electronic industrial grade is only in purity, but there is a huge difference in the preparation route.
So the requirements for equipment are not of the same order of magnitude.
But the real reason lies not in craftsmanship, but in the market.
Since 1997, America's solar roof plan has ignited the world's photovoltaic market. This market has continued to grow exponentially due to the promotion of environmental protection and other concepts, and the supply of products has seriously exceeded demand.
Producing simple solar-grade polysilicon can already make a lot of money. Without policy guidance, private capital naturally lacks the motivation to transform into electronic industrial grade.
Second, the solar level is too simple.
The drawing of single crystal silicon has high requirements for technical personnel. It can even be said to be very high.
It can be said that the domestic talent pool has been completely lost in the wave of closures after the reopening.
There were not many professional talents on the market at that time.
At the time, ordinary operators who had only worked for one year in the third oldest factories such as Emei Semiconductor, Luoyang China Silicon, and Huashan Semiconductor, which were retained after the shutdown and conversion, went to the solar-grade polysilicon factories in Zhijiang. You can suddenly become a technical director, and a technician with a few years of experience is a great treasure that every boss relies on.
The high technical barriers to talent made it impossible to cultivate them, which resulted in monocrystalline silicon being unaffordable to market players at the time.
What’s more, the process of monocrystalline silicon is very complex, and the speed and dimensions during the growth process must be stable. Therefore, the monocrystalline furnace must have precise and stable upper and lower parts operation, rotation control systems and automatic temperature control. The regulation system
The equipment, energy consumption, labor, raw materials, and auxiliary materials combined are not at the same level as the solar-grade polysilicon. This has led to the monocrystalline silicon in this industry. In China in the first ten years of the century, no one was willing to do it.
Since no one is willing to do monocrystalline silicon, then naturally no one will do it as its front-end product, electronic grade polycrystalline silicon.
To make matters worse, Shi Zhengrong’s myth of sudden wealth in photovoltaics brought unimaginable incentives to the entire industry and even the industrial upgrading of the entire country, but it also hindered the development of electronic-grade polysilicon. .
In the past, industrial manufacturing was based on manual assembly line installation and manufacturing and machine tool processing and manufacturing. The real concept of industrialized processes began when private enterprises entered the photovoltaic industry.
Photovoltaic allows private enterprises to know the terms that only professionals use to consider, such as purification workshop, process cooling water, temperature zone control, material processing, crystal arrangement, etc. This industry allows us to start fromThere is a transition from the pure mechanical processing industry to the semiconductor industry, and there are new breakthrough points for industrial upgrading. Entrepreneurs in the entire society are learning this concept in depth.
With the fluctuation of foreign market policy subsidies and currency interest rate differences, the industry has the characteristics of short return period and high return on investment. At that time, a few people jointly invested in a joint venture and could recover the cost in three months or even one month. At the same time, Due to technical opacity and loose environmental protection requirements, the number of photovoltaic industrial parks has increased dramatically.
There are too many players pouring into the entire industry chain.
Of course, what followed was oversupply, and the price of polysilicon plummeted, from US$500,000 per ton to RMB 60,000 per ton. This fierce price war left no one on the market. winner.
This further squeezes out the living space of later-stage monocrystalline silicon.
Third, electronic grade does not make money.
Because of the brittleness of electronic-grade silicon materials, the freight is quite high. At that time, cars had to be used instead of trucks to transport the materials from the Emei Semiconductor Factory.
The development of China's semiconductor industry lags behind. As a result, China's domestic electronic-grade polysilicon has no local sales due to the price war between international giants. If it wants to be sold overseas, the freight cost is almost equal to the cost of the material. It's simply impossible to achieve.
The above three reasons, in the final analysis, are actually the market, that is, there is no local semiconductor market to support the production of upstream raw materials.
However, the root of these three problems goes one step further and returns to the craftsmanship.
Without a market, technology cannot iterate and there is no market
This forms a perfect closed loop.
Energy consumption and other issues are nonsense. It is because of backward process technology that the yield rate of China's electronic-grade polysilicon is too low, the cost is too high, and it has no advantage to the outside world.
Otherwise, how could China lose money when shipping out, but make money when shipping in from foreign countries?
The main process for preparing polysilicon is called the modified Siemens method, which is the most common and most common method at home and abroad. It is a mature method. In 2020, the proportion of polysilicon produced in the world using the improved Siemens method will be as high as 978
The improved Siemens method has been invented for more than 60 years since its invention in 1955. By the time Qing Yun was reborn, it had a history of more than 60 years. Industry participants continue to optimize and improve the technology of the Siemens method, which has gone through three major versions and a dozen minor versions.
Unfortunately, at the beginning of the century, China's improved Siemens method was still in the optimization stage of the first generation and could not compete with the second generation of advanced foreign production capabilities at that time.
Luckily in this time and space, Qing Yun, as a water professor majoring in physics and chemistry, mastered the third-generation improved Siemens method of the entire chlorine chemical system.
No way, compared to others, he has unique conditions.
The world's largest polysilicon production base is in Leshan, Western Shu.
The world’s three leading polysilicon companies, First Tongwei and Third EastFang Houpu is a company in Xishu, and half of the second-ranked GCL's production capacity is also in Leshan.
Because Leshan is known as the Whampoa Military Academy of China’s silicon industry. It not only has the silicon industry foundation accumulated during the third-line construction period, but also has the world’s largest silicon material reserves and the most complete silicon industry in China. Chemical industry system, where one-third of the world's polysilicon is produced every year.
In his previous life, although Qing Yun was driven to the university by Qin Tianchuan, he still had a passion for it. He wanted to conduct research on the silicon industry, and Oriental Magnolia alone was at his disposal at any time.
Originally Qin Tianchuan’s purpose of doing this was just to make him, as a university professor, worthy of Qin Manman’s status as a mathematician. Naturally, he would make things easy for him. Door.
What Qing Yun has to do now is to reproduce the papers that he has written over the years from Ph.D. to professor in a reasonable way.
Once the reproduction is successful, it will be a crushing blow to the entire foreign semiconductor raw material industry.
The simplest comparison is that he can immediately increase the investment cost of polysilicon production lines from the current US$200 million per thousand tons to RMB 0.7 billion per thousand tons.
The material of the reduction furnace has jumped directly from quartz glass to stainless steel for countless generations, because at this moment, only he knows how to change the formula so that stainless steel can also be used as a reduction furnace;
And the material While the changes make the internal space of the single furnace larger, and by rebuilding the space structure, he can directly increase the number of internal rods from 3 pairs to 48 pairs;
The changes brought about are that the single furnace The annual output of the furnace is directly increased from 80 tons to 800 tons.
The tenfold increase in output is focused on dimensionality reduction.
At this moment, Emperor Yun felt very happy.
This is his profession
This is what he has accumulated in his previous life and half of his life
But Xiao Ya next to him frowned.
Qin Manman could understand the necessity and importance of raw materials, but she couldn't understand it, so she asked, "Little shit"
The girls were stunned, and then unanimously agreed Laughed wildly.
"Little brat hahahaha"
Facing the constipated look on Emperor Yun's face, Xiao Ya blinked her eyes and said sorry, which was smooth. First, she forgot the time. .
It was never intentional.
Seeing the little kid's face getting darker and darker, Xiao Ya quickly asked, "Xiao Qing, why are you so concerned about the semiconductor raw material industry?"
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